CoPt-Co hybrid supported on amino modified SiO_2 nanospheres as a high performance catalyst for hydrogen generation from ammonia borane

CoPt-Co hybrids were successfully supported on amino modified SiO_2 nanospheres by a chemical reduction method at a temperature of 278 K.The solid carrier i.e.amino modified SiO_2,provides numerous anchoring sites for the metal nanoparticles(NPs)to improve the dispersion while reducing the size of metal NPs.The supported NPs displayed a narrow particle size distribution on the SiO_2 surface with an average diameter of 12 nm.The XRD results alongside with the binary alloy phase diagram suggest that the resulted NPs are bimetallic,composed of CoPt and amorphous Co.Among the prepared materials,the solid with the specific composition of SiO_2@Pt_(0.1)Co_(0.9)was proved to be effective catalyst for ammonia borane(AB)hydrolysis in aqueous solution.The turnover frequency(TOF)value of the supported nanocatalyst was 25.59mol_(H_2)min~(-1)·mol_M~(-1),almost twice as that of unsupported Pt_(0.1)Co_(0.9)NPs while the activation energy was 37.05 kJ mol~(-1).Furthermore,the SiO_2@Pt_(0.1)Co_(0.9)composite manifested high catalytic activity even after five cycles of reuse.     

Effects of Cr and Mo elements on the microstructures and compressive properties of the in situ (TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/Ni cermets

In-situ(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/Ni cermets with 70 wt%TiC_xN_y–TiB_2 were successfully fabricated by combustion synthesis and hot pressing sintering in Ni-Ti-B_4C-BN powder systems.The microstructures,density,compressive properties,and hardness of the TiC_xN_y–TiB_2/Ni cermets with the addition of 0–8 wt%Cr/Mo to the Ni-Ti-B_4C-BN powder systems were compared and analysed.The results showed that the ceramic particles distributed uniformly in the cermets,and the size of the ceramic particles reduced with the Cr/Mo addition.Both Cr and Mo addition can improve the hardness,compressive properties,and fracture strains of the cermets.The hardness,compressive strength,and fracture strain of the(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/(Ni+Cr)cermets increased from 1561 HV,2.94 GPa,and 2.9%to 1864 HV,3.65 GPa,and 3.4%,respectively when the Cr content increased to 5 wt%.The hardness and compressive strength of the(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/(Ni+Mo)cermets increased from 1561 HV and 2.94 GPa to 1902 HV and 3.43 GPa,respectively when the Mo content increased to 8 wt%.The cermets with Cr had better compressive properties than the cermets with Mo.     

Influence of γ' precipitate on deformation and fracture during creep in PM nickel-based superalloy

FGH96 is a powder metallurgy nickel based superally used for turbine disk of aero-engines. In the present study FGH96 alloy with four different γ' precipitate microstructures were produced via solution heat-treatment with different cooling rates, and the maximum cooling rate reached 400°C/min which was a super cooling rate for Nickel-based superalloy. The creep tests were conducted for PM FGH96 alloy under the testing condition of 704°C and 690 MPa. The relationship between the creep properties and the distribution of γ' precipitate was established. The creep mechanism was analyzed by using TEM and ACTEM, and the dislocation movement was studied at the atomic scale. The creep strain rate was calculated through a physically based crystal slip model established based on crystal plasticity. The calculated results were consistent with the test ones, illustrating the validity of the model. The fracture mechanism was also investigated, and the results showed that the creep cracks generated on the surface due to the oxidation. It was observed that the cracks propagated in different ways depending on the different average diameters of γ' precipitate. With the decrease of the average γ' precipitate size,the critical shearing stress increased and the resistance of the dislocation slipping increased. The fracture mechanism for the primary stage transformed from intragranular to intergranular due to the change of dislocation slipping.     

The Effectiveness of Structural Monetary Policy and Macro-Prudential Policies — Based on the DSGE Model That Includes Bank Heterogeneous Credit

Journal of Systems Science and Complexity - Structural monetary policy and macro-prudential policies are important parts of the policy system of the People’s Bank of China. By constructing a...     

人工智能技术阶段化发展与我国的后发追赶 ——基于双S曲线的技术演进分析

自改革开放四十多年来,我国在计算机及人工智能技术领域处于后发追赶并逐步向国际技术前沿靠近的状态,并在人工智能技术部分子领域中实现了由跟随者到并行领先的跨越,基本完成了技术追赶过程.为从技术阶段化演变规律中剖析这一过程,本文基于双S曲线方法及人工智能技术专利相关指标,从技术生命周期视角对人工智能技术的发展进行阶段划分,以此为基础回顾我国计算机及人工智能技术发展历程,并对比分析我国与先发国家人工智能技术演化阶段性特征及技术追赶路径,以此为基础简要探讨影响我国计算机与人工智能技术追赶的可能因素,以期为后发国家技术追赶提供一定参考.     

加快建设国家科研论文和科技信息高端交流平台

构建国家科研论文和科技信息高端交流平台是加强国家战略科技力量的重要举措之一.在系统梳理我国科研论文和科技信息交流平台建设现状的基础上,指出目前存在资源分散、规模尚小、重复建设、开放度低、专业性不足、功能不完善、交流不通畅等问题,缺乏吸纳全球科研成果的平台或载体,难以从创新链和产业链的角度整合技术供给体系,进而提出整合国家战略科技资源、构建系统深入的开放交流机制、提升交流平台的建设水平、充分发挥竞争情报人员作用和建立健全科研评价体系等对策建议,为我国未来高端交流平台的建设提供有益启示.     

Impact of the RMB Joining in the SDR Basket on Its Internationalization from the Perspective of Risk Spillover

For evaluating the influence of the Chinese renminbi(RMB) joining in the special drawing right(SDR) basket on RMB's internationalization, the authors systemically study the risk spillover networks and examine the dynamic relationship of exchange rates among the SDR currencies including the US dollar(USD), European Union euro(EUR), Japanese yen(JPY) and British pound(GBP).The empirical results demonstrate that the USD takes a dominant position and holds the biggest risk spillover to other currencies, and the RMB's inclusion to the SDR basket makes the risk spillover to get average, giving rise to the SDR currency system more stable to a certain degree. The inclusion of the RMB in the SDR not only can reduce the systematic risk of the SDR, but also has a certain impact on the international exchange rate markets. Nowadays, in front of the growing trade friction, more such researches could help to effectively deal with the currency disputes.     

低能N+注入凤仙花的变异检测

以低能N 注入凤仙花(Impatiens balsaminaL)种子后获得了高茎、矮茎2个变异品系.对其进行过氧化物同工酶(POD)检测的结果表明,2个变异品系叶片的POD分子大小、表达强度和条带数目与对照相比都发生了一定变化.随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)分析结果也表明变异品系DNA链的脱氧核苷酸序列发生了变异,从25个随机引物中筛选出了9个具有多态性.实验证明适当剂量的低能N 注入能够在基因水平引起凤仙花的变异,为花卉产业的发展提供了一种遗传育种手段.     

海冰水不同盐含量处理对棉花、小麦和玉米种子萌发影响

实验采用盐的质量分数w(盐)分别为1,3,5,7,9 g.kg-1的海冰水及纯水对照处理棉花(GoddypiumhirdutumL.)、小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)和玉米(ZeamaysL.)3种作物种子,每发芽盒50粒,置自控培养箱内萌发7 d.定时观测记录种子发芽数、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、芽长、根长.结果表明:在海冰水盐分胁迫下,棉花、小麦、玉米种子的相对发芽率、相对发芽指数均随w(盐)增加呈下降趋势;在w(盐)=1~9 g.kg-1的处理范围内,3种作物的种子发芽率均高于50%.但3种种子根芽抑制指数差异显著,棉花在w(盐)=1~9 g.kg-1范围内,根芽抑制指数变幅不大,承受能力最强,而对玉米,小麦来说,w(盐)=5 g.kg-1处理是个界限,当w(盐)≥5 g.kg-1时,小麦玉米的根、芽生长明显受到抑制.因此海冰水作为农业灌溉水源时,棉花可以作为该区域内首选的经济耐盐作物予以广泛种植,但应适当考虑加大播种量,同时严格控制海冰灌溉水的w(盐).     

慢跑鞋的足底压强分析与功能评价

采用德国Novel公司的Pedar鞋垫式(in-sole)足底压力测量系统,对6款适合于健身长跑和中长跑运动员训练或公路比赛所穿的慢跑鞋和1款体操鞋(模拟赤足状态)进行3个速度下的足底压强测量.通过步态周期(TGC)、最大地面反作用力(Fmax)、最大足底压强(pmax)、力量-时间积分值(∫Fdt)以及压强-时间积分值(∫pdt)等参数的分析,对各款运动鞋的功能特性进行了初步评价,建立了初步的评价标准.